Required Reading: Chapter 1 of Hartshorne, Algebraic Geometry
Grothendieck, A. (1969), “Standard Conjectures on Algebraic Cycles”, Algebraic Geometry (Internat. Colloq., Tata Inst. Fund. Res., Bombay, 1968) (PDF), Oxford University Press, pp. 193–199, MR 0268189.
Grothendieck, A. (1958), “Sur une note de Mattuck-Tate”, J. Reine Angew. Math., 1958 (200): 208–215, doi:10.1515/crll.1958.200.208, MR 0136607, S2CID 115548848
Background
In mathematics, an algebraic cycle on an algebraic variety V is a formal linear combination of subvarieties of V. These are the part of the algebraic topology of V that is directly accessible by algebraic methods. Understanding the algebraic cycles on a variety can give profound insights into the structure of the variety.
The most trivial case is codimension zero cycles, which are linear combinations of the irreducible components of the variety. The first non-trivial case is of codimension one subvarieties, called divisors. The earliest work on algebraic cycles focused on the case of divisors, particularly divisors on algebraic curves. Divisors on algebraic curves are formal linear combinations of points on the curve. Classical work on algebraic curves related these to intrinsic data, such as the regular differentials on a compact Riemann surface, and to extrinsic properties, such as embeddings of the curve into projective space.
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